Dual-modular immunosensor for bongkrekic acid detection using specific monoclonal antibody.

Bongkrekic acid (BA) is a mitochondrial toxin that causes high mortality but is often mistakenly categorized as other food poisonings. The immunoassay of BA is still challenging since the specific antibody is unavailable. In this work, a monoclonal antibody specific to BA was first generated and a dual-modular immunosensor for on-site and laboratory detection was established. The antibody showed good affinity (Kd=0.33 µM) and sensitivity (IC50 =17.9 ng/mL in ELISA) with negligible cross-reactivity with common mycotoxins. In dual-modular conditions, fluorescence assay (FA) was conducted based on the inner filter effect of carbon dots (CDs) and oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), while the colorimetric assay (CA) was conducted using TMB2+-mediated rapid surface etching of gold nanostars (Au NSs). The proposed immunosensor showed good sensitivity and reproducibility to BA in food samples, with a limit of detection lower than 10 ng/mL and recovery ranging from 80.0% to 103.6%, which was in good consistence with that of standard LC-MS/MS. Overall, the proposed immunosensor is an ideal tool for screening BA contaminants in food with good sensitivity and high effectivity.

Protective effects of female reproductive factors on gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The overall incidence of gastric cancer is higher in men than women worldwide. However, gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) is more frequently observed in younger female patients. AIM: To analyze clinicopathological differences between sexes in GSRC, because of the limited evidence regarding association between sex-specific differences and survival. METHODS: We reviewed medical records for 1431 patients who received treatment for GSRC at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2011 and December 2018 and surveyed reproductive factors. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between female and male patients. Cox multivariable model was used to compare the mortality risks of GSRC among men, menstrual women, and menopausal women. RESULTS: Of 1431 patients, 935 patients were male and 496 were female (181 menstrual and 315 menopausal). The 5-year overall survival in male, menstrual female and menopausal female groups was 65.6%, 76.5% and 65%, respectively (P < 0.01). Menstruation was found to be a protective factor (hazard ratio = 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.82). CONCLUSION: The mortality risk of GSRC in menstrual women was lower than that in men. This study identified the protective effects of female reproductive factors in GSRC.

A New Scoring System to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis After Surgery for Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to develop a new scoring system to predict lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer using preoperative tests in various combinations of inflammatory factors and to assess the predictive prognosis value of the new scoring system for the postoperative gastric cancer patients. METHOD: This study includes 380 gastric cancer patients, 307 in the training set and 73 in the validation set. We obtain three inflammatory markers, CRA (C-reactive protein/albumin), SIRI (systemic inflammatory response index), and PLR (platelets/lymphocytes), by calculating and comparing the results of preoperative laboratory tests. By using these three indicators, a new scoring system is developed to predict lymph node metastases, assess patients' prognoses, and compare clinicopathological characteristics in different patient subgroups. A nomogram is constructed to show and assess the predictive efficacy of every index for lymph node metastasis and survival. RESULTS: In the new scoring system, higher scores are associated with more advanced pathological stage (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p < 0.001), and vascular invasion (p = 0.001). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses show that perineural invasion, vascular invasion, smoking history, and high scores on the new scoring system are significant risk factors for OS and RFS. High-scoring subgroups as an independent prognostic factor could predict overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). High scores on the new scoring system are significantly associated with the degree of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001). CAR and PLR play very important roles in predicting lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. CAR is a vital major marker in the prediction of patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: The new scoring system can effectively predict the patients' lymph node metastasis with gastric cancer and can independently predict the prognosis of patients.

Survival outcomes and prognostic indicators for gastric cancer patients with positive peritoneal wash cytology but no peritoneal metastasis after radical gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Positive peritoneal wash cytology with no peritoneal metastasis (CY1P0) is a special type of distant gastric cancer metastasis, which describes a patient with positive peritoneal lavage cytology, but no definitive peritoneal metastasis, and there are no widely accepted treatment guidelines. We enrolled 48 primary CY1P0 gastric cancer patients treated by radical gastrectomy in this study. Our study illustrated the efficacy of radical gastrectomy for CY1P0 gastric cancer patients, and suggested that the pathological N factor and vascular invasion were significant independent risk factors for overall survival (OS). AIM: To assess the survival of CY1P0 gastric cancer patient post-radical gastrectomy, and to identify factors associated with long-term prognosis. METHODS: Our study included 48 patients with primary CY1P0 gastric cancer who had radical gastrectomies at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China between 2013 and 2018. R0 resection was achieved in all 48 patients. Twelve patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and four received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. OS statistics were available for 48 patients. Follow-up continued through March 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: Median OS was 22.0 mo (95% confidence interval: 13.366-30.634 mo) post-surgery. Univariate analyses demonstrated that tumor site (P = 0.021), pathological N factor (P = 0.001), pathological T factor (P = 0.028), vascular invasion (P = 0.046), and the level of CA199 prior to initiating therapy (P = 0.002) were significant risk factors for OS. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that pathological N factor (P = 0.001) and vascular invasion (P = 0.031) were significant independent risk factors for OS. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that radical gastrectomy may be efficient for CY1P0 gastric cancer patient post-radical gastrectomy and the pathological N factor and vascular invasion are significant independent risk factors for OS.

Treatment strategies for gastric cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has become a major global public health problem. Governments are taking the necessary steps to reduce the movement of people to contain the spread of the virus. However, these measures have caused considerable distress to patients with gastric cancer who are newly diagnosed or are undergoing treatment. In addition to the cancer, they must deal with longer waiting times for surgery and poor communication with doctors. Furthermore, gastric cancer patients generally have low immunity and a poor nutritional status, so they are a high-risk group for infection with the novel coronavirus. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate reasonable outpatient management strategies to reduce the adverse effects of the pandemic on their treatment. We summarize the management strategies for patients with gastric cancer during the pandemic.

Treatment of afferent loop syndrome using fluoroscopic-guided nasointestinal tube placement: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a rare mechanical complication that occurs after reconstruction of the stomach or esophagus to the jejunum, such as Billroth II gastrojejunostomy, Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, or Roux-en-Y esophagoje-junostomy. Traditionally, an operation is the first choice for benign causes. However, for patients in poor physical condition who experience ALS soon after R0 resection, the type of treatment remains controversial. Here, we present an efficient conservative method to treat ALS. CASE SUMMARY: Case 1 was a 69-year-old male patient who underwent total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy. On postoperative day (POD) 10 he developed symptoms of ALS that persisted and increased over 1 wk. Case 2 was a 59-year-old male patient who underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth II gastrojejunostomy. On postoperative day POD 9 he developed symptoms of ALS that persisted for 2 wk. Both patients underwent fluoroscopic-guided nasointestinal tube placement with maintenance of continuous negative pressure suction. Approximately 20 d after the procedure, both patients had recovered well and were discharged from hospital after removal of the tube. At 3-mo follow-up, there were no signs of ALS in these two patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of treating postoperative ALS by fluoroscopic-guided nasointestinal tube placement. Our cases demonstrate that this procedure is an effective and safe method to treat ALS that relieves patients' symptoms and avoids complications caused by other invasive procedures.

Additional laparoscopic gastrectomy after noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: A single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: The necessity of additional gastrectomy for early gastric cancer (EGC) patients who do not meet curative criteria after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is controversial. AIM: To examine the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients who underwent additional laparoscopic gastrectomy after ESD and to determine the appropriate strategy for treating those after noncurative ESD. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 45 patients with EGC who underwent additional laparoscopic gastrectomy after noncurative ESD from January 2013 to January 2019 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. We analyzed the patients' clinicopathological data and identified the predictors of residual cancer (RC) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). RESULTS: Surgical specimens showed RC in ten (22.2%) patients and LNM in five (11.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that positive horizontal margin [odds ratio (OR) = 13.393, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.435-125, P = 0.023] and neural invasion (OR = 14.714, 95%CI: 1.087-199, P = 0.043) were independent risk factors for RC. Undifferentiated type was an independent risk factor for LNM (OR = 12.000, 95%CI: 1.197-120, P = 0.035). Tumors in all patients with LNM showed submucosal invasion more than 500 µm. Postoperative complications after additional laparoscopic gastrectomy occurred in five (11.1%) patients, and no deaths occurred among patients with complications. CONCLUSION: Gastrectomy is necessary not only for patients who have a positive margin after ESD, but also for cases with neural invasion, undifferentiated type, and submucosal invasion more than 500 µm. Laparoscopic gastrectomy is a safe, minimally invasive, and feasible procedure for additional surgery after noncurative ESD. However, further studies are needed to apply these results to clinical practice.

Postoperative Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a Neurologic Complication that Must Not Be Overlooked: A Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an uncommon, yet life-threatening postoperative neuropathic complication that is easily neglected, and hence, timely treatment is not provided in the clinics. This review aims to summarize the clinical features of postoperative GBS, and thus, improve the understanding of postoperative GBS. METHODS: We reviewed the literature on postoperative GBS and assessed the demographic information, clinical manifestation, operation, time of onset of postoperative GBS, and prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 33 cases of postoperative GBS were included in this study. The average age of patients with postoperative GBS was 46.9 years, and there was a peak in occurrence of GBS between ages 50 and 70 years. Men seemed more likely to have postoperative GBS than did women, with a ratio of 2.67:1. Progressive muscular weakness, present in 31 of the cases, was the most common presentation. Patients with spinal surgery were at further increased risk for GBS, and 84.8% of the patients with GBS had a good prognosis after prompt treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is probably a potential risk factor for the occurrence of GBS. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are imperative to reduce mortality.

Surgical resection of gastric stump cancer following proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.

BACKGROUND: Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is performed widely as a function-preserving operation for early gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach and is an important function-preserving approach for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma. The incidence of gastric stump cancer (GSC) after PG is increasing. However, little is known about the GSC following PG because very few studies have been conducted on the disease. AIM: To clarify clinicopathologic features, perioperative complications, and long-term survival rates after the resection of GSC following PG. METHODS: Data for patients with GSC following PG for adenocarcinoma of the EGJ diagnosed between January 1998 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS). GSC was defined in accordance with the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients were identified. The median interval between the initial PG and resection of GSC was 4.9 (range 0.7-12) years. In 21 of the 35 patients, the tumor was located in a nonanastomotic site of the gastric stump. Total gastrectomy was performed in 27 patients; the other 8 underwent partial gastrectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (17.1%). The tumor stage according to the depth of tumor invasion was T1 in 6 patients, T2 in 3 patients, T3 in 9 patients, and T4 in 17 patients. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 18 patients. Calculated 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 86.5%, 62.3%, and 54.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed advanced T stage to be associated with OS. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the characteristics of GSC following PG for adenocarcinoma of the EGJ and suggests that a surgical approach can lead to a satisfactory outcome.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastric stump: A case report and literature review.

We herein report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastric stump found 47 years after Billroth II gastric resection for a benign gastric ulcer. A 74-year-old man was referred to another hospital with melena. Endoscopic examination revealed a localized ulcerative lesion at the gastrojejunal anastomosis. The diagnosis by endoscopic biopsy was neuroendocrine carcinoma. A total gastrectomy of the remnant stomach with D2 lymphadenectomy was performed at our hospital. The lesion invaded the subserosa, and metastasis was found in two of nine the lymph nodes retrieved. The lesion was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, and the Ki-67 labeling index was 60%. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastric stump was confirmed using World Health Organization 2010 criteria. Subsequently, the patient underwent one course of adjuvant chemotherapy with the etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) regimen; however, treatment was discontinued due to grade 3 myelosuppression. The patient showed lymph node metastasis in the region around the gastrojejunal anastomosis in the abdominal cavity 7 mo post-surgery. He then underwent radiotherapy and platinum-based combination chemotherapy; however, the disease progressed and liver recurrence was observed on follow-up computed tomography at 16 mo post-surgery. The patient then received chemotherapy with regimens used for the treatment of small cell lung cancer in first- and second-line settings. The patient died of disease progression 31 months after surgery.

[Outcome analysis of simultaneous liver resection for synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of simultaneous liver resection for patients who have primary colorectal cancer with synchronous hepatic metastases to see if there is any advantage for doing so. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records (1999 - 2009) of 53 consecutive patients with synchronously recognized primary colorectal carcinoma and hepatic metastases who underwent simultaneous (40 patients) or two-stage (13 patients) colonic and hepatic resections performed at our hospital. RESULTS: There was no thirty-day mortality in both groups. The two groups had significant differences in mean operation duration [(212.9 ± 72.3) min vs. (326.5 ± 140.2) min, P = 0.014], mean blood loss [(337.5 ± 298.0) ml vs. (594.6 ± 430.5) ml, P = 0.020], post-operative hospital stay [(16.2 ± 8.1) day vs. (25.8 ± 8.5) day, P = 0.001]. The incidence rates of post-operative complications were 25.0% (10/40) and 53.8% (7/13), respectively, in the two groups (P = 0.053). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates in the simultaneous resection group were 95.0%, 57.0% and 37.4%, respectively, with a median overall survival of 40.0 months and median disease-free survival of 14.0 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates in the two-stage resection group were 92.3%, 58.7% and 36.7%, respectively, with a median overall survival of 38.0 months and median disease-free survival of 13.0 months. There were no significant differences between the two groups in respect of their survivals (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous colectomy and hepatectomy are safe and efficient for colorectal cancer patients who have synchronous colorectal liver metastases, with less complications and blood loss, and shorter hospital stay compared with the two-stage resection.

[Applicability of anatomical vascular occlusion in hepatectomy for grand hepatocarcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively explore the clinical efficacies and applicability of anatomical vascular occlusion (AVO) in hepatectomy for grand primary hepatocarcinoma at different locations. METHODS: A total of 212 grand primary hepatocarcinoma cases undergoing hepatectomy were divided into 2 groups by vascular occlusion in the process of resection: AVO group (n = 97) and Pringle group (Pringle maneuver, n = 115). According to whether or not tumor was adjacent to main vessels, the cases were divided into 2 types: centrally (n = 98) and peripherally (n = 114) located lesions. And the perioperative outcomes were compared between 2 groups totally and by types respectively. RESULTS: No significance existed between the AVO and Pringle groups in the demographic characteristics and tumor background (P > 0.05). For total cases, there were no significant differences between 2 groups regarding the intraoperative blood loss volume ((632 ± 437) ml vs (546 ± 549) ml, P = 0.217) and the blood transfusion requirement (44.3% vs 33.0%, P = 0.092). The AVO group showed significantly better postoperative liver functions in terms of serum levels of total bilirubin and aminotransferase (P > 0.05). But no significant difference was found between 2 groups in the postoperative complication rate (18.6% vs 22.6%, P = 0.469) and hospital stay duration ((10.5 ± 4.8) vs (11.8 ± 5.6) days, P = 0.087). In centrally located lesions: the AVO group showed a significantly smaller intraoperative blood loss volume ((722 ± 492) ml vs (1032 ± 618) ml, P = 0.007) and blood transfusion requirement (45.6% vs 68.3%, P = 0.026). Also the AVO group showed significantly better postoperative liver functions in terms of serum levels of total bilirubin and aminotransferase (P < 0.01). As a consequence, the AVO group had a significantly lower postoperative complication rate (19.3% vs 39.0%, P = 0.031) and a shorter hospital stay duration ((10.7 ± 5.0) days vs (13.0 ± 6.2) days, P = 0.042). In peripheral located lesions: there were significantly larger intraoperative blood loss volume (504 ± 307 vs 278 ± 237 ml, P = 0.000) and blood transfusion requirement (42.5% vs 13.5%, P = 0.001) in the AVO group. The postoperative liver functions (total bilirubin and aminotransferase levels, P > 0.05), postoperative complication rate (17.5% vs 13.5%, P = 0.808) and hospital stay duration ((10.3 ± 4.6) days vs (11.1 ± 5.1) days, P = 0.429) showed no significant differences between 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The technique of AVO is unsuitable for all types of grand hepatocarcinoma. Whether or not the tumor is adjacent to main vessels is an important consideration of choosing the vascular control technique. Considering the risk of vascular damage in the process of hepatectomy, the AVO technique is indicated for the resection of central lesions but not for peripheral lesions.

[Application of selective and timely regional hepatic vascular occlusion for resection of large centrally located liver tumors: report of 133 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the resection rate and increase operation safety for large centrally located liver tumors. METHODS: Clinical data from 133 patients with large centrally located liver tumors confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Selective and timely regional hepatic vascular occlusion was used during the operation procedure. RESULTS: The resection rate was 100%. Perioperative death occurred in one patient. During operations, Forty-four patients underwent regional hepatic inflow occlusion ranging from 12 to 33 minutes. Twenty-three patients underwent left and right inflow occlusion, respectively, ranging from 8 to 50 minutes. One patient had right half-hepatic vascular exclusion for 40 minutes. The blood loss of 132 patients was (665 ± 424) ml (one patient experienced diffuse blood oozing and died in the next day). Among them, the blood loss of patients with liver cirrhosis was (723 ± 479) ml. On the contrary, those without liver cirrhosis was (458 ± 223) ml (P < 0.01). Liver function in 92.4% (122/132) patients recovered to Child-Pugh A within one week. No liver failure occurred. After operation, 3 patients presented ascites. Among them, two patients had liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular jaundice, one patient was accepted for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization preoperatively. Four patients had biliary fistula, one patient had gastroparesis, one patient had thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein, and five patients had right pleural effusion. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 112 patients were 89.1%, 57.7% and 36.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Selective and timely regional hepatic vascular occlusion is useful for the resection of large centrally located liver tumors. This kind of procedure can effectively control the blood loss during the operation and shorten the ischemic reperfusion time, beneficial for protecting the liver cell function. This procedure is a safe hepatic flow occlusion method.

[Analysis of surgical treatment of 30 cases of small hepatocellular carcinoma in special position].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resection technique for small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) in special sites and discuss their outcome. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 30 patients with SHCC in special sites undergone liver resection were reviewed. There were 29 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 1 case of cholangiocarcinoma, confirmed by pathology. The tumor was close to the first porta hepatis in 8 cases, colse to the second porta hepatis in 15 cases, and close to the third porta hepatis in 7 cases. Twenty-five patients had one lesion, 4 patients had two and the other had three. The tumor diameter was (2.7 ± 1.2) cm. RESULTS: No perioperative death occurred. The operation time was (279 ± 101) min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 566 ml, and the postoperative hospitalization was (10.5 ± 2.7) days. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 100% and 83.3%, respectively, and the 1- and 3-year disease free survival rates were 85.0% and 41.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although the surgery for SHCC in special sites is quite difficult and risky, surgical treatment is still safe with good perioperative management and is an effective treatment of SHCC in special sites.

[Characterization of hormone receptor status in 5758 Chinese females with breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of hormone receptor status in Chinese females with breast cancer. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 5758 female breast cancer patients surgically treated in our breast cancer center from Jan. 1997 to Oct. 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rates of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were 64.1% and 70.2%, respectively. The ER positive rate was significantly higher in elderly, post-menopausal females with a smaller tumor and well-differentiated histology (P < 0.05), while the PR positive rate was significantly correlated with only histological differentiation and tumor size (P < 0.05). The ER and PR positive rates were significantly higher in the patients with lymph node metastasis than that in those without (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the histological differentiation, T stage, N stage and menopause status were significantly correlated with ER positive rate, while histological differentiation, T stage and N stage were significantly correlated with PR positive rate. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the ER positive rate of breast cancer in Chinese women is lower than that in western high incidence areas. The ER positive rate is significantly correlated with age, histological differentiation, tumor size, and menopause status. The PR positive rate is correlated only with histological differentiation and tumor size. Interestingly, the ER and PR positive rates are significantly higher in the patients with axillary lymph node metastases than that in those without. However, further study is needed to verify this special phenomenon.

[Risk factors and surgical treatment of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the rectum].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors and surgical treatment of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the rectum. METHODS: The clinical data of 24 cases,admitted to our hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. The possible risk factors were tested by chi(2)-test. The resectable rate and recurrent rate of recurrent cases were compared with the first-treated cases. RESULTS: The tumors with biggest diameter >or=3 cm and high invasive risk had higher recurrent rates (chi(2)=4.874, P=0.027, chi(2)=6.659, P=0.010). The resectable rate of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors in rectum was 64.3% (9/14), which was significantly lower than that of first-treated ones (23/24) (chi(2)=6.618, P=0.010). There was no significant difference of recurrent rate between the recurrent group and the first-treated group (chi(2)=1.459, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The size and invasive risk of tumor are associated with the recurrent rate of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in rectum. The resectable rate of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors in rectum is significantly lower than that of first-treated ones, but recurrent rates are similar in the 2 groups.

[Surgical treatment for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer: a report of 59 cases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Liver metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure of colorectal cancer. The median survival time of patients with untreated liver metastases is only about 6 months. Surgical resection is the major treatment to prolong survival time of the patients. This study was to assess surgical treatment efficacy on these patients and their prognosis. METHODS: Records of 59 colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases, treated with hepatectomy (including 14 cases of anatomical segmentectomy and 45 cases of wedge resection) from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998 in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were reviewed. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 (6.8%) patients, without surgical death. Survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 91.4%, 34.8%, and 21.9%. Survival rate was significantly lower in patients with heterochronia metastasis than in patients with synchronal metastasis (P < 0.05), and lower in patients with metastasis size of > 5 cm than in patients with metastasis size of < or = 5 cm. Univariate analysis showed that time of liver metastasis and metastasis size of > 5 cm were prognostic factors (P < 0.05); while node status of primary tumor, number of liver tumors, and carcinoembryonic antigen level had no significant relations with prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy may prolong survival time of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. Early diagnosis with intensive follow-up is crucial to increase the resectability of liver metastasis.